Phytochemical Study of Stryax officinalis Lin Syria

 

Oussama Mansour¹, Manal Darwish², Ghenwa Ismail¹

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Andalus University, Tartous, Syria.

²Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Andalus University, Tartous, Syria.

 

ABSTRACT:

Stryax officinalis L (Styracaceae )which spread in different parts of the world, especially in Syria is formed by its active components of triterpene sapogenin and a triterpene saponin one of the main plants used for a long time in folk medicine, recent studies came to conduct pharmacological and chemical study of the plant to determine the morphological structure of fresh and dry plant and a set of tests and chemical assays to determine the extract content of chemical Plant fruits were collected from the coastal region and recognizable by their morphological characteristics of sex, gender. The microscopic study that we have had for the fruits of the plant is the first study of its species, and it was proved exsting some character tissue elements like covering trichomes and other elements. Then it was determined the extract content of active substances by making set of general chemical tests for detection alkaloids, Anthraquinone, saponins, cardioactive glycosides and Flavonoids.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Styrax officinalis L. (Styracaceae) is a small tree and shrub found in Central America, Mexico and the Mediterranean region including Syria^{(1, 2)}. Its was used by many ancient cultures as incense and medicine⁽³⁾. The prestudies of Styrax species report the isolation of a triterpensapogenin and a triterpenesaponin⁽⁴⁾ which have activity against human leukaemic cells in addition to anti-complement, cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial activity^{(5, 6, 7)}. This study describes morphology structure and chemical tests.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Sulfuric acid H₂SO4, Boric acid, Magnesion, Ethanol, Dragendroff K(B i I4), Mayer K₂(Hg I₄) (Merck), Chloroform, Acetic acid, Ferric chloride, Formic acid, Toluene (Scharlau), Wagner, Bitter acid, Metanol, Talc, Aceton, chlorhydric acid, Lead acetate, Sodium tetraborate (Merck).

 

Plant material:

Styrax officinalis L. was collected from the coastal surrounding, Lattakia, Tartus, Syria in August, 2016. The study was carried out at the Departments of Pharmacognosy and Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Andalus University, Tartus. Syria.

 

Plant extracts:

The covers of the berries (used part of the plant material) were dried in an oven at 40º for one hour every day for 7 days until the stability of weight and then grounded to a fine powder by grinder. The powdered (30g) were then extracted with (300ml)of methanol 70%(1g:10 ml) for 3 days by Stirrer and filtred with whatman filter paper (No 1)  the extract was maintained at +4ºC until being used⁽⁸⁾.

 

Microscopy tests ^{(9, 10)}:

Fresh plant:

It was made several cross-sections in fresh plant fruits to study the structure and shape of fruitlayer’s. This study was used several detectors such as water, Chloral, Iodine and Potassium hydroxid. after that the specimen was examined by light microscope that objective lens 10X and then by magnification 40X to identify components and layers.

 

Chemical tests^{(9, 10)}:

It was used reagents sedimentation Dragendroff^, s, Mayer, s Wagner^, s and Bitter acid for detection of Alkolids. Asconcerns Cardioactive glycosides were detected by using kedde, Baljetand keller-kiliani interaction. It was performed Wilson-Tauback, Shinoda and Pew interaction to detect Flavonoids. As for to detect Saponins it was used a foam, (sulfuric acid, vanillic aldehyde and anhydride acetic acid) and a Zlatkis-Zak. It was applied Borntrager and Shouteteninteraction to detect Anthraquinones, finally to detect phenols (ferric chloride ).

 

RESULTS AND DISCUION:

Microscopy test: under light microscope we found some diagnostic characters are

 

Figure (1): 1-Starch granules

 

Figure (2): Covering trichomes: they have uniseriate multicellular

 

Figure (3): Angular collenchyma for outside part.

Figure (4). Spirally vessel

 

 

Figure (5): Calcium oxalate.

 

Figure (6): Part of the fruit in sectional view showing, in the upper epidermis, in lower epidermis, angular collenchyma and parenchyma tissue.

Figure (7): Sclereids from the mesocarp.

 

Chemical tests:

We obtained results show in table .

Table 1

 

CONCLUSION:

We made microscopical preparations of the plant in order to describe the structures present and we found some diagnostic characters such as Sclereids cell. The microscopic study that we have had for the fruits of the plant is the first study of its species.

 

The content of active substances in this study has been determined by conducting a series of particular chemical tests.

 

S. officinalis known to contain saponins, polyphenols and triterpine. Saponins are a major family of secondary metabolites that occur in a wide range of plant species. They are steroid and triterpen glycosides. This content of active substances in our study has been determined by conducting a series of particular chemical tests, which proved.

 

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Received on 12.10.2017            Modified on 17.11.2017

Accepted on 18.12.2017         © RJPT All right reserved